From Grain to Genome: Investigating Arsenic Levels in Triticum turgidum ssp durum Desf. Using GWAS

Producing safe and high-quality food is increasingly important, developing durum wheat varieties with low toxicity crucial to meeting this demand. Durum breeders can achieve goal by new that are either more resistant arsenic uptake or better adapted grow in areas high levels. High levels of pose serious health hazards, which makes it critical evaluate the Therefore, study evaluated diverse genotypes, including Turkish-released cultivars local landraces. The results showed all genotypes had significantly non-toxic arsenic, an average concentration 5.24 μg/kg. These concentrations were much lower than minimum reported numerous published research studies well below risky international standard limits for grain (0.1 mg/kg). also identified two significant marker-trait associations linked contents located on chromosomes 4A 7B, explained 11-17% phenotypic variation. findings provide valuable insights into highlight need ongoing monitoring ensure healthy consumers. By conducting collaborative genome-wide association employing marker-assisted selection, accelerate creation have reduced identifying alleles content. This emphasizes importance low-toxicity safety quality our supply. inform breeding programs develop such contribute sustainable agriculture. While study’s methodology was robust, further necessary confirm validate genetic factors contributing variation content among different genotypes.